Hong-Bo Han, Qi-Qing Song, Xin-Yi Chi, The existence of hybrid equilibria and weak hybrid equilibria for multi-leader-multi-follower games

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DOI: 10.23952/asvao.8.2026.2.06
Volume 8, Issue 2, 1 August 2026, Pages 223-238

Abstract. This paper introduces a kind of hybrid equilibrium to multi-leader-multi-follower games. The existence of hybrid equilibria of the games is proven via set-valued analysis. Our hybrid equilibria can include both noncooperative equilibria and cooperative equilibria in references as special cases. In addition, a weak hybrid equilibrium is introduced both for normal form games and multi-leader-multi-follower games with infinitely many players. The existence of weak hybrid equilibria is established for infinitely many players. The notion of the weak hybrid equilibrium is a generalization of weak $\alpha$ -core in cooperative games. These equilibrium conceptions and results are new in multi-leader-multi-follower games.

How to Cite this Article:
H.B. Han, Q.Q. Song, X.Y. Chi, The existence of hybrid equilibria and weak hybrid equilibria for multi-leader-multi-follower games, Appl. Set-Valued Anal. Optim. 8 (2026), 223-238.